Pharmacokinetic properties of the antiepileptic drugs
Drug
Renal elimination Gabapentin Pregabalin Vigabatrin Metabolic elimination Carbamazepine Clobazam Clonazepam Diazepam Lamotrigine Lorazepam Phenytoin Tiagabine Valproic acid Metabolic and renal elimination Ethosuximide Felbamate Levetiracetam Oxcarbazepine Phenobarbital Topiramate Zonisamide
Absorption
Bioavailability
Protein bound
100%
2-4 1-2 varied
varied
75 90 85
94-99 50
30 0
40 50 20 50
Children require larger mg/kg doses?a
Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
How Effect of much? enzyme inducers?
50-100%
50-100%
50-100%
50-100%
50-100%
50-100%
No No No
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes a Approximately estimated based on available data . b Not known.
c Oxcarbazepine is a pro-drug . Pharmacokinetics in the data provided is for MHD, the active metabolite (see text)
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